NM400 vs Hardox400: Comparing Abrasion-Resistant Steels
When choosing between abrasion-resistant steels, NM400 vs Hardox 400 are among the most commonly considered options for industrial applications. Abrasion-resistant (AR) steels, like NM400 and Hardox 400, are engineered to withstand high levels of wear and abrasion. Industries such as mining, construction, and heavy machinery manufacturing rely on these steels for components that endure constant material handling. Each steel grade offers distinct advantages, with NM400 and Hardox 400 balancing hardness, toughness, and wear resistance.
Brand Overview
To understand the unique strengths of NM400 vs Hardox 400, let’s explore each steel’s brand origins and production standards:
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NM400: Produced primarily by Chinese steel manufacturers, NM400 adheres to the GB/T 24186-2022 standard. Known for its cost-effectiveness, NM400 is popular among industries requiring durable, affordable abrasion-resistant materials.
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Hardox 400: Manufactured by SSAB in Sweden, Hardox 400 complies with EN 10 204 – 3.1 standards and is globally recognized for its consistent quality and durability, making it a go-to choice for high-stress applications.
Brand | Country | Standard | Notable Features |
NM400 | China | GB/T 24186-2022 | Cost-effective, good wear resistance |
Hardox 400 | Sweden | EN 10 204 – 3.1 | High impact resistance, globally trusted |
Chemical Composition Comparison
The chemical composition of NM400 and Hardox 400 affects their wear resistance, strength, and performance under stress. Hardox 400 generally contains a higher chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) content, which contributes to better hardness and toughness, while NM400 maintains a balance between cost and performance.
Grade | Standard | C (%) | Si (%) | Mn (%) | P (%) | S (%) | Cr (%) | Mo (%) | Ni (%) | Ti (%) |
NM400 | GB/T 24186-2022 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.7 | ≤1.6 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.01 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.7 | ≤0.05 |
Hardox 400 | EN 10 204 – 3.1 | ≤0.32 | ≤0.7 | ≤1.6 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.01 | ≤2.5 | ≤0.6 | ≤1.5 | – |
Key Element Differences:
- Chromium (Cr) and Nickel (Ni): Hardox 400’s higher chromium and nickel content offers improved corrosion resistance, especially valuable in extreme applications.
- Carbon (C): Both steels have similar carbon content, contributing to their hardness levels.
Mechanical Properties Comparison
A closer look at the mechanical properties reveals the specific strengths and limitations of NM400 and Hardox 400 in wear-resistant applications.
Grade | Hardness (HBW) | Impact Energy (J) | Yield Strength (MPa) | CEV |
NM400 | 370-430 | 27 J at -20°C | 1200 | 0.57-0.67 |
Hardox 400 | 370-430 | 45 J at -40°C | 1100 | 0.41-0.89 |
Detailed Comparison:
- Hardness: Both grades fall within a similar hardness range, making them suitable for abrasive environments. However, their structural composition impacts their performance in specific scenarios.
- Impact Toughness: Hardox 400 has higher impact toughness, especially at lower temperatures, due to its refined alloy composition, making it more resilient in colder climates or high-impact situations.
- Yield Strength: NM400 provides slightly higher yield strength, ideal for applications where heavy load-bearing capacity is essential.
Application Scenarios
Here are some common applications for each grade based on their specific strengths:
- NM400 Applications: Known for its affordability and effectiveness in heavy-wear applications, NM400 is widely used in Chinese manufacturing industries, including:
- Mining Equipment: Ideal for wear plates in machinery exposed to heavy abrasion, such as chutes, crushers, and buckets.
- Construction: Common in load-bearing components in bulldozers, excavators, and dump trucks.
- Hardox 400 Applications: Due to its reliable impact resistance, Hardox 400 is popular in Western and global markets for high-stress applications such as:
- Earthmoving and Demolition: Hardox 400 is used for protective linings in rock crushers and other equipment that face extreme wear.
- Recycling and Scrap: Hardox 400’s toughness makes it ideal for components that handle high-impact materials, such as shredders and hoppers.
Grade | Primary Industries | Common Applications |
NM400 | Mining, Construction | Dump trucks, chutes, load-bearing plates |
Hardox 400 | Recycling, Demolition | Crushers, shredders, demolition tools |
Comparative Advantages of NM400
NM400 is a highly practical option for cost-sensitive applications, particularly where affordable material sourcing is critical.
- Cost-Effectiveness: Due to the large-scale production by Chinese manufacturers, NM400 offers a cost advantage, making it accessible for high-volume applications without sacrificing durability.
- Versatile Sourcing: Multiple Chinese manufacturers produce NM400, offering different grades and formats, which provides flexibility for customized applications.
Key Takeaways
- Best for Cost Efficiency: NM400 is a go-to option for companies that prioritize budget without compromising wear resistance.
- Reliability and Quality: Hardox 400 remains the preferred choice for global industries demanding high reliability and durability in extreme conditions.
Differences Between NM400 and Hardox 400 Steel
While both NM400 and Hardox 400 provide effective wear resistance, they differ significantly in performance, cost, and application suitability.
- Hardness and Toughness: Both offer comparable hardness; however, Hardox 400’s advanced alloying provides better low-temperature toughness, while NM400 focuses on higher yield strength.
- Cost vs. Performance: NM400 is budget-friendly and is ideal for applications needing large volumes, while Hardox 400’s higher cost reflects its consistent performance under extreme conditions.
Conclusion: Which to Choose
The choice between NM400 and Hardox 400 depends on your specific application needs and budget constraints:
- Choose NM400 if you need a cost-effective solution for high-wear applications in construction and mining where budget is a primary concern.
- Choose Hardox 400 for applications requiring higher impact resistance and durability, especially in colder environments or where structural consistency is key.
ZGT Special Steel is one of China’s leading suppliers of wear-resistant plates, including NM400. Operating from processing centers in Foshan and Shanghai, we offer 7,000 tons of ready stock and customized solutions. Contact us to learn more about how we can support your industrial needs.
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